Seelampur

The trade, and its cost

The trade

Where machines are unmade

Seelampur is India's largest market for taking electronics apart. More than half of the informal e-waste sites in Delhi are here, and the country's discarded phones, computers, wires, batteries and circuit boards flow into these lanes to be broken down by hand.

The logic is simple and relentless. A dead machine is not rubbish, it is a body of materials worth recovering: copper from its wires, gold from its connectors and boards, aluminium and steel from its casings, plastic and glass from its shell. Thousands of small workshops, employing on the order of fifty thousand people, do the patient work of separation, sorting a nation's electronic scrap into streams a smelter will pay for. It is a vast, unglamorous circular economy that runs almost entirely off the books, and it recovers materials the formal system still struggles to reach.

FIG.1 · A BOARD IS NOT WASTE, IT IS ORE one circuit board by hand COPPER wires, windings GOLD connectors, traces AL / STEEL casings, frames PLASTIC housings, shells GLASS screens
The whole trade in one move: a board arrives as junk and leaves as sorted materials. Copper is the steady prize, drawn in solid; gold, in tiny quantities on the connectors and traces, is the reason the finest boards are worked over with the most care.
The cost

Recovered at a price

None of this is clean work, and it would be dishonest to write about Seelampur as though it were.

Much of the dismantling is done without gloves or masks. Metals are freed by methods that carry real danger: acid baths to strip gold, open flames to burn away plastic insulation from copper, both of which release toxins into the air, the soil and the people breathing over them. Lead, mercury and other heavy metals pass through bare hands. Children are among the workers. The health and environmental costs are documented and serious, and they fall hardest on the same families the trade sustains.

As of 2025

India, now the world's third-largest generator of electronic waste, is tightening the rules and pushing recovery toward formal, regulated recyclers. In Seelampur the informal trade has not stopped so much as moved quieter, carrying on in the shadows while the policy around it changes. The livelihoods and the hazards are, for now, the same coin.